Audit Sampling Is Not Simply Selecting a Few Transactions Auditors rarely have enough time or resources to examine every transaction, document, control occurrence, or account balance in a population. A purchasing audit may involve thousands of purchase orders. A payroll review may include tens of thousands of payments. A compliance assessment may cover hundreds of locations, employees, or control activities. Testing every item may be inefficient, unnecessary, or impractical.

Conflict Is an Inherent Part of Auditing Internal auditors are expected to identify weaknesses, challenge assumptions, evaluate management decisions, and recommend corrective action. Those responsibilities naturally create tension. A process owner may disagree with an audit finding. A manager may believe the auditor does not understand operational realities. An executive may resist a recommendation because of cost, timing, staffing, or reputational concerns. An auditor may be

Why Prompt Engineering Is Becoming as Important as Excel Was Twenty Years Ago Every generation of auditors has been shaped by a technology that fundamentally changed how audits are performed. In the 1980s, it was electronic spreadsheets. In the 1990s, it was enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. In the 2000s, it was data analytics. Today, it is Generative Artificial Intelligence. But simply having access to ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, Claude, or Gemini does not automati

Protecting Customers Begins with Verifying Who They Really Are For decades, banks focused on protecting money. Today, banks must first protect identity. Cybercriminals have discovered that stealing money directly is difficult. Stealing—or creating—a convincing digital identity is often much easier. Once a fraudster successfully impersonates a legitimate customer, many traditional banking controls become far less effective. As financial institutions continue expanding digital